Glaucoma

Glaucoma is an eye condition where the nerve at the back of the eye (the optic nerve) is damaged. This can lead to loss of vision. In most cases, the damage to the optic nerve is due to an increased pressure within the eye. There are different types of glaucoma.

Primary open angle glaucoma (also called chronic glaucoma) is the most common type. This develops slowly so that any damage to the nerve and loss of sight is gradual. The term 'open angle' refers to the angle between the iris and sclera which is normal, in contrast to:

Acute angle closure glaucoma where the angle is narrowed. This is uncommon. In this condition there is a sudden increase in the pressure within one eye. The eye quickly becomes painful and red.

Secondary glaucoma is caused by various other eye conditions which can cause a rise in the pressure within the eye. For example, glaucoma may develop as a 'secondary' complication to some eye injuries.

Congenital glaucoma (buphthalmos) is where glaucoma is present from birth.